Surface mining is a method of mining that involves removing the top layer of soil and rock to access the minerals and other materials beneath. It is used when the material is close to the surface and is more cost-effective than underground mining.
Surface mining is a type of mining in which soil and rock overlying the mineral deposit are removed. It is the most common form of mining, accounting for more than 80 percent of all mineral extraction. Surface mining is used to extract coal, oil shale, tar sands, and other minerals.
Surface mining is a broad category that includes strip mining, open-pit mining, mountaintop removal, and dredging. Strip mining is the most common type of surface mining. It involves removing a strip of overburden (the soil and rock above the mineral deposit) and then extracting the mineral deposit. Open-pit mining is similar to strip mining, but it involves removing a larger area of overburden and then extracting the mineral deposit. Mountaintop removal is a type of surface mining that involves removing the top of a mountain to access the mineral deposit. Dredging is a type of surface mining that involves using a dredge to remove sediment from a body of water to access the mineral deposit.
Surface mining has several advantages over underground mining. It is less expensive, requires less labor, and is less dangerous than underground mining. It also has fewer environmental impacts than underground mining. However, surface mining can have a significant impact on the environment. It can cause air and water pollution, destruction of habitats, and disruption of ecosystems.
Surface mining is an important part of the global economy. It is used to extract a variety of minerals, including coal, oil shale, tar sands, and other minerals. It is important to ensure that surface mining is done in a responsible manner to minimize its environmental impacts.